This article is written by REITSWeek,
a subscription-only journal on REITs and Listed Real Estate Securities
delivered weekly to institutional and individual investors.
Scottish American industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie
once said that 90 percent of millionaires became so through owning real
estate. This wisdom, though dispensed in the 18th century, is a wisdom
that has persisted today judging from the popularity of real estate as
an investment class.
There is nothing inherently erroneous in this advice despite the
carnage that has unfolded in recent years in the real estate market. As
an asset class, real estate investments generate a reliable stream of
income besides holding the prospect of capital appreciation. And unlike
the yesteryears when real estate investments are within reach of only
the very wealthy, prospective investors today can participate in real
estate investments through a Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT).
But the popularity of REITs in recent years has brought about a
perennial debate as to which is a better mode of investment, buying real
estate physically or holding it in a REIT? Each method has its own
merits but this article we will discuss four advantages that REITs
investors have over traditional property investors.
Scalability
Real estate, be it a single building or an estate, will require constant
maintenance and repair. Certain property types such as shopping malls
will require even greater maintenance costs as they will need to sustain
a decent façade in order to attract shoppers and continue generating
income. An investor who puts his money on a single property will need to
consider the expenditures on leaking roofs, faulty plumbing or termite
infestations as part of his investment costs. In some cases, these costs
can be quite hefty and may not be easily recoverable from the tenant.
In REITs, building maintenance costs, or more commonly referred to as
capital expenditures (CAPEX), are borne by the REIT managers and are in
effect distributed across many shareholders. In some cases, favourable
lease terms allow these costs to be passed on to the tenants,
practically absolving the REIT investor from any sort of building
maintenance costs. As a REITs investor, it is unlikely that you will see
CAPEX making significant impact on the returns of your investment. This
is the scalability that REITs investors enjoy over property owners.
Diversity
Owning a single property would usually mean that your fortunes are
pretty much tied up in the sector that your property is vested in. For
example, if you own a small factory complex, it is unlikely that you
will benefit from the surge of tourist arrivals in your country. And
should the demand for manufacturing slows, you may be in trouble finding
a tenant for the property.
REITs investors are able to expose themselves to several sectors of
the economy at any one time by distributing their investments across
different REIT categories such as Retail REITs (to benefit from surges
in consumer spending), Hospitality REITs (to ride on tourist arrivals)
or Healthcare REITs (to benefit from increased spending on medical
services). This minimises the risk that an investor is over exposed to
just one particular sector of an economy. To achieve the same level of
diversity with traditional property holdings would require a very hefty
investment.
Professional Management
An investor who decides to buy and manage a property as an investment
will usually have to depend upon himself in managing the property
including renovations, sourcing for tenants and making sure that the
building adheres to local safety regulations. These functions can be
outsourced to third parties, but this would severely increase the costs
of managing the property and erode the returns on investment.
REITs on the other hand are managed by dedicated teams of REIT
managers who make it a daily endeavour to look for growth opportunities
while keeping borrowing costs low. REIT managers are also very
experienced in financing and asset enhancement strategies, often
increasing the value of the properties that they manage over time. This
is the advantage of having a professional management that REITs
investors enjoy over traditional property investors.
Favorable Tax Rulings
In many economies, building owners are liable to annual property taxes,
administration fees and stamp duties, on top of paying personal income
taxes as an investor. The combination of these taxes can be very
overwhelming.
REITs on the other hand are largely exempt from paying taxes at the
REIT level in virtually most economies as long as they distribute at
least 90 percent of their income to shareholders. In economies like
Singapore, the government has gone even further to exempt REITs
investors from paying taxes on capital gains and dividends from REITs.
Tax rulings vary across the different economies. But one similarity that
these economies have is the markedly favourable tax rulings that REITs
investors enjoy over the traditional property investor.